Although urinalysis is not recommended as a routine screening tool except in women who may be pregnant, physicians. Frozen specimens are thawed for analysis at refrigeration temperature 28 c and remain at refrigeration. A sample should be obtained that is free of skin epithelium or bacteria. Capillary tube method of urine collection rats hayashi and sakaguchi 1975. The fia assay resembles the radioimmunoassay ria in technique and.
Normal urine physical examination collection quantity consistency color. Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for. Useful notes on the procedure and techniques of csf analysis welcome to. Bring the specimen to the lab within 1 hour or collection or store refrigerated for up to 24 hours. Dipstick urine analysis without urine culture is sufficient for dxof uncomplicated uti sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 82% when positive for either leukocyte esterase or nitrite. Acetest reagent tablet test ketostix reagent strip or colorimetric strip test specific for diacetic acid rotheras test procedure. Doctors use it to check for signs of common conditions or diseases. A urine test can help detect a variety of kidney and urinary tract disorders, including chronic kidney disease, diabetes, bladder infections and kidney. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The urinalysis test performs a urine analysis to measure the ph, glucose, specific gravity, ketones, protein, nitrite and leukocyte esterase levels in the urine. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. In 321 pathological spontaneous urine samples, urine dipstick urisys2400, combur10teststrips, roche diagnostics, mannheim, germany and particle analysis uf i, sysmex, norderstedt, germany were performed within 90 min, 120 min and 240 min after urine collection.
Urine is poured into a cylindrical or conical glass so that the vessel is nearly full. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very essential not only for patient care but also for preventive measures. This procedure provides instructions for analyzing urine. A strip is dipped in to a urine sample, then using the provided colour chart, the results are matched to ascertain concertation levels of substances within the urine.
This website includes study notes, research papers, essays. This chapter focuses on what the physician may do in a few minutes with a urine sample. If a urine dipstick is performed, compare the results obtained on the microscopic with the multiparameter reagent strip with the following facts in mind. Helen murray free and her husband, alfred free, pioneered dry reagent urinalysis, resulting in the 1956 development of. Determine the nature of an impairment of renal function 2. Precipitation of proteinenough urine to contain between 5 and 20 mg. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. This video aims to enlighten the viewer about urine analysis. Normally the urine is clear when freshly voided but may be cloudy due to phosphates and growth of bacteria. Urinalysis interpretation university of wisconsinmadison. Urine culture results philip sloane, md, mph professor of family medicine and geriatrics. Ppt urine analysis powerpoint presentation free to.
Interestingly, if the temperature of fresh urine is checked, it may help to diagnose factitious oral or rectal fevers. Label contains residents identifying information which is essential for the laboratory. In 321 pathological spontaneous urine samples, urine dipstick urisys2400, combur10teststrips, roche diagnostics, mannheim, germany and particle analysis uf i, sysmex, norderstedt, germany were performed within. It includes tests for glucose, bilirubin, ketone acetoacetic acid, specific gravity, blood content, ph, protein, urobilinogen, nitrite, and leukocytes in urine. Urine is also subject to immunological analysis and these tests are the ones used to detect pregnancy carricajo, 1999. If using glass centrifuge tubes dispose in a sharps bin. General urine specimen collection procedure ltr27570.
Urine analysis presents the theory and methods of urine analysis, which serves as a guide for physicians and medical laboratory. Wear laboratory coats and disposable gloves when handling urine. You may give your sample in your doctors office, a medical laboratory, or at home. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of. Dispose of glass slides and coverslips in a sharps bin 2. Procedure if the urine contains a precipitate, it should be filtered before analysis.
Urinalysis is one of the most informatory and commonly performed laboratory tests available to practising veterinarians. Iii responsibilities it is the responsibility of metabolic assessment laboratory personnel to follow this procedure. If the urine specimen has been refrigerated, it should be brought to room temperature before testing. Ppt urine analysis powerpoint presentation free to view. Such red cell casts, detected on microscopic analysis of urine specimens, are indicative of glomerular damage. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. I verify that this procedure was taught and successfully demonstrated according to isdh.
An offender is expected to provide a urine specimen within two 2 hours of the request. Prepare label for specimen with appropriate information and place it on specimen container, not the lid. A urinalysis test is performed by collecting a urine sample from the patient in a specimen cup. Urine analysis presents the theory and methods of urine analysis, which serves as a guide for physicians and medical laboratory technicians. May discern between cocciand bacillary forms of bacteria on unstained urine sample. Test result may provide information regarding the status of carbohydrate metabolism, kidney and liver function, acidbase balance, and urinary tract infection. Label should be placed on the specimen container in the event the. Begin collection in the morning, but do not save the first urination.
The samples of albuminous urine usually range from 0. Rbc, rbc casts, wbc, wbc casts, broad waxy casts, oval fat bodies, fatty cast. Cover the unused strip in a piece of aluminum foil. Completely dip the test areas of the strip in fresh, wellmixed, uncentrifuged urine and remove immediately. Various urine test types that are performed for various reasons in the quest to determine what is wrong with a patient. Both strips may be used for analysis on the control and keto urine, respectively. Other names for it are urine test, urine analysis, and ua you may have a. Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this. Urine tests detect the protein, ketones, bilirubin, fungi, bacteria, white and red blood cells, urinary tract problems, sexually transmitted diseases as. Wear laboratory coats and disposable gloves when handling urine specimens.
Patients with orders for a urine culture and sensitivity are given the proper midstream urine collection kit and the appropriate instruction sheet. Ppt urine analysis powerpoint presentation free to view id. Urine analysis free download as powerpoint presentation. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about essay. The solid part left in the bottom of the test tube the urine sediment. Pdf urinalysis can be defined as a procedure for examining various factors of.
Before your test, make sure to drink plenty of water so you can give an adequate urine sample. Other tests are urine culture a microbiological culture of urine and urine electrolyte levels. Urisys 1100 urine analyzer policies and procedures for use with urisys 1100 urine analyzer this is a cliawaived system roche diagnostics is not responsible for any changes made to this diskette by the customer. Mix urine well and fill the container three fourth full of urine. Urinalysis or urine testing is used to look for abnormalities such as an excess amount of protein, blood, pus, bacteria or sugar. Protocol for macroscopic and microscopic urinalysis and investigation of urinary tract infections scope the purpose of this protocol is to avoid unnecessary testing in routine cases while allowing physicians to order tests justified by the patients clinical condition in special cases. Pdf analysis of urine as indicators of specific body conditions. For the nhanes iv, specimens are shipped on dry ice by overnight courier and stored at 70 c upon arrival. Urine normal is normal, and urine high positive on all tests. However, drinking excessive amounts of water may cause inaccurate results. An average healthy adult passes 1,000 to 1,600 ml of urine in 24 hours. You can return to your usual activities immediately. Completion of urine chemistry using reagent test strips occurs in 2 minutes.
Urinalysis is usually the only test that provides diagnostic assistance. Cheesbrough, monica 1987medical laboratory manual for tropical. Standard operating procedure procedure for urinalysis tests. A urinalysis ua is one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. Chemical analysis of urine key terms acetest ascorbate ascorbic acid bilirubin chromogens clinitest. Ensure the appropriate acknowledgment form has been completed. In this way, the remainder of the collected sample contents remains untouched by a potentially unsterile dipstick and so can be sent for laboratory analysis if required. Bvh periodically changes the company which provides the midstream collection kits. To ensure area is clean and free of possible contamination of the specimen. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis. It is used mainly to assess the health of the kidneys and urinary system, but it can also reveal problems in other organ systems, and is important for diagnosing metabolic disease such as diabetes mellitus. Additionally, this testing program shall incorporate procedures for when offenders fail to provide an adequate specimen, an adulterated specimen or refuse to participate in the urinalysis program. If the volume was uncentrifuged urine due to a submitted volume less than 0.
Problems with your lungs, kidneys, urinary tract, skin, and bladder can affect the appearance. Urine sediment results may be falsely decreased due to a submitted sample volume less than 12 mls. Urine analysis, also called urinalysis one of the oldest laboratory procedures in the practice of medicine. Urine with rbcs seen on the microscopic exam should have a positive occult blood on the reagent strip. The word is a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis. Dispose of plastic pipettes in a clinical waste bin 3. Urine specimens arrive frozen on dry ice or fresh 28 c as per study protocols. For example, with normal kidney function 630 grams of sodium are filtered.
Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Plastic strip dipped in urine sample test for various chemical components of urine results in seconds to minutes often performed in emergency departments or ambulatory clinics that do not have a micro lab available associated with false negatives use caution if a negative dipstick test results in a patient with symptoms of a uti. Mar 28, 2019 the gold standard method of testing is to remove a small volume of urine from the sterile container with a fresh sterile syringe, and then apply the removed urine to the dipstick. Interpret each test at the appropriate time using the dipstick analysis chart.
This article discusses methods of collecting and testing urine using reagent strips and provides a. This procedure also ensures that the integrity of the specimens is preserved for accurate laboratory analysis. Urinalysis is a routine test that reports the physical and chemical properties of urine. Abnormal results from this test can be indicative of a number of conditions including kidney disease, urinary tract infection or elevated levels of substances which the body is trying to remove through the urine. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical. What is the recommended method and procedure for urine. In the following exercises it will be determined, by using three simulated urine specimens, what color, ph, specific gravity, glucose, and protein has on urine. Laboratory procedure manual centers for disease control. Urine with casts should have elevated specific gravity and positive protein. The complete urinalysis provides a number of measurements which look for abnormalities in the urine.
Clinical urine tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes. Add 8 drops of urine to 5ml of benedict, heating the tube until boiling and examinant. Animal urine is collected either for purposes of qualitative commonly a clinical veterinary purpose or quantitative mostly an experimental scienti. A urine test can help detect a variety of kidney and urinary tract disorders, including chronic kidney disease, diabetes, bladder infections and kidney stones. Urinalysis has become more sophisticated since those times, but the urinalysis remains one of the first tests done for. To assist the offender in providing the specimen, staff shall offer the offender no more than eight 8 ounces of water at the beginning of the twohour time period, if requested. One or two extra glasses of fluid, which can include juice or milk if your diet allows, is all you need the day of the test. Microbiological analysis of urine also termed as urine culture is a microbial test responsible for detection of pathogenic microbes capable of causing urinal tract diseases and disorders martinko, 2005. Evaluation of the appropriate time period between sampling. A random, onetime sample is one way protein is tested in the urine. Urinalysis tutorial on procedure and technique to get accurate urine test results. Approved guideline second edition nccls document gp16a2 is written for laboratory and nonlaboratory personnel responsible for the collection, transport, and analysis of urine specimens. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis test. Urinalysis has become more sophisticated since those times, but the urinalysis remains one of the first tests done for diagnosis of disease, especially.
It is a very common test that can be performed in many health care settings, including doctors offices, urgent care facilities, laboratories, hospitals, and even at home. Pdf urinalysis is a routine screening and diagnostic tool that can be used to identify infections and diseases. For a urinalysis, your urine sample is evaluated in three ways. Ppt examination of urine powerpoint presentation free to.
Urinalysis principle,procedure result interpretation. In part 2, unknown simulated urine will be tested and determine the probable. Check the offenders identification to verify identity, name, and doc number. A urinalysis is a laboratory test to detect problems with your body that can show signs in your urine. Initial analysis at the facility which indicates the presence of a controlled substance shall be subject to a confirmation test. Urinalysis and collection, transportation, and preservation of urine specimens. Options lab, inc uses the following procedure for observed.
Get a urinalysis test near you and fast results for a low cost accesa labs. Urinalysis is the examination of urine for certain physical properties, solutes, cells, casts, crystals, organisms, or particulate matter. Protocol for macroscopic and microscopic urinalysis and. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Sep 20, 2018 a urinalysis is a laboratory test to detect problems with your body that can show signs in your urine. It highlights and describes various types of routine urine examination including physical, chemical and microscopic examination. General urine examination gue or urinalysis microscopic urinalysis methodology a sample of wellmixed urine usually 1015 ml is centrifuged in a test tube at relatively low speed about 23,000 rpm for 510 minutes until a moderately cohesive button is produced at the bottom of the tube. Examination of urine drmohamed mahmoud nour eldein phd biochemistry. Jan 22, 2019 the urinalysis test performs a urine analysis to measure the ph, glucose, specific gravity, ketones, protein, nitrite and leukocyte esterase levels in the urine.
Because urinalysis is easy, cheap, and productive, it is recommended as part of the initial examination of all patients and should be repeated as clinically warranted. When red blood cells are in prolonged contact with urine, they may rupture, releasing free hemoglobin in the urine. Policy and administrative procedure manual of policies and. Useful notes on the procedure and techniques of urine analysis. The normal urine is clear and yellow, amber coloured due to the presence of pigment urochrome.
The 24 hour urine specimen is brought to the laboratory as soon as possible as the 24hour period is over. Urinalysis is the examination of urine for certain physical properties, solutes, cells, casts. Flexible cystoscopy detected five patients with a bladder tumour all g1pta, two urethral strictures, five bladder stones and enlarged prostates, six enlarged prostates only, and nine red patches in the bladder. Ensure the test strip remains horizontal to avoid cross contamination. Urine specimens may be obtained by midstream clean catch, suprapubic aspiration, or catheterization. Through history, people created charts of urine color to help diagnose disease and by the 17th century, practitioners began tasting urine to help diagnose diabetes.
Procedure dip the test areas of the strip in the urine specimen fresh, well mixed. Chemical analysis of 3 patient urine specimens duration. The procedure for using the dipstick is as follows. Useful notes on the procedure and techniques of urine.
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